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The correct answer highlights that Vygotsky's Theory of Cognitive Development emphasizes the importance of social interactions and cultural contexts in learning. Within this framework, sign systems, which include tools like language, symbols, and various forms of communication, are fundamental because they enable individuals to think critically, solve problems, and share ideas with others.

Vygotsky believed that these sign systems are not merely individual cognitive tools but are deeply embedded in social practices and societal norms. This aligns with his concept of the Zone of Proximal Development, where learners can achieve higher understanding and skills through guided interactions with more knowledgeable others.

The other options focus on different psychological theories or constructs. While schemas pertain to mental frameworks that help individuals organize and interpret information, they do not encapsulate Vygotsky's emphasis on the social and cultural components of learning. Similarly, while self-regulation is an important aspect of learning and development, it is not specifically tied to the development of sign systems in Vygotsky's theory. Lastly, Piaget's theories, while influential in cognitive development, differ significantly from Vygotsky’s approach by emphasizing individual cognitive construction instead of the social basis of learning.