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In Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the stage associated with individuals pondering the question "Who am I?" is the fifth stage, known as Identity vs. Role Confusion. This stage typically occurs during adolescence, roughly between the ages of 12 and 18 years. It is a critical period where individuals explore their independence and develop a sense of self by experimenting with different roles, beliefs, and ideas. Successfully navigating this stage leads to a strong sense of identity, while failure to do so may result in confusion about one’s place in the world and difficulties in future relationships.

This stage is pivotal as adolescents are often confronted with societal expectations and personal aspirations, giving rise to the existential questioning related to identity. They may evaluate their beliefs, values, and goals against those of significant others and the broader society, solidifying their roles as they transition into adulthood. Thus, pondering the question "Who am I?" encapsulates the core challenge of this developmental stage, making the choice highlighting Stage 5 the most accurate answer.